Name: Adrian Pratama
NIM : 1601253845
Class: 02PCT
Professor: Mr. Tri Djoko Wahjono, Ir., M.Sc.
NIM : 1601253845
Class: 02PCT
Professor: Mr. Tri Djoko Wahjono, Ir., M.Sc.
Review Question and Problem Set ( Attempt 1) Chap 1 Concepts of Programming Languages
REVIEW
QUESTIONS
3. What programming language has dominated scientific computing
over the past 50 years?
-Fortran has dominated scientific computing for over the past 50
years.
4. What programming language has dominated business applications
over the past 50 years?
-COBOL has dominated business applications for over the past 50
years.
5. What programming language has dominated artificial intelligence
over the past 50 years?
-Lisp has dominated artificial intelligence for over the past 50
years.
6. In what language is most of UNIX written?
-The UNIX operating system is written almost entirely in C.
8. How can user-defined operator overloading harm the readability
of a program?
-Although this is useful, it can lead to reducing readability if
users are not allowed to create their own overloading and do not do it sensibly.
10. What language used orthogonality as a primary design criterion?
-ALGOL used orthogonality as a primary design criterion.
15. What is aliasing?
-Aliasing is having two or more distinct names that can be used to
access the same memory cell.
16. What is exception handling?
-Exceptional handling is the ability of a program to intercept
run-time errors, take corrective measures, and then continue.
28. What is the utility of byte code?
-A byte code provides portability to any machine that has a byte
code interpreter and an associated run-time system.
29. What is a hybrid implementation system?
-A hybrid implementation system translates high-level language
programs to an intermediate language designed to allow easy interpretation.
PROBLEM
SET
2. Who is said to be the first programmer in human history?
Use the Internet for help.
-Ada Lovelace is often referred to as the first computer
programmer.
5. In what way do the languages for artificial intelligence
differ from the language for web software?
-Artificial language is a broad area of computer applications
characterized by the use of symbolic rather than numeric computations. This
kind of programming sometime requires more flexibility than other programming
domains. The World Wide Web is supported by an eclectic collection of languages
to general purpose programming language.
6. What characteristics of programming languages do you think are
the most important and why?
-Overall simplicity in my opinion is one of the most important
features. If a language has too many features or is too complex then users will
be more confused.
9. Explain how orthogonality in a programming language is closely
related to simplicity.
-A programmer can design a solution to a complex problem after
learning only a simple test of primitive constructs. On the other hand, too much
orthogonality can be a detriment to writability. Errors in programs can go
undetected when nearly any combination of primitives is legal. This can lead to
code absurdities that cannot be discovered by the computer.
12. Can we call any
programming language complete, in your opinion? Why or why not?
-In my opinion, there is no complete programming language. There
might be some that are close to being complete but just not there yet.
Languages are still being developed and perfected every day.
13. Was the first high-level programming language you learned
implemented with a pure interpreter, hybrid implementation system, or a compiler?
-The first high level programming language I learned was C. I
believe C used a compiler.